Extreme heat can lead to serious health issues. While anyone can be a victim of heat-related illness, highest risk groups include people under age 5 or over age 65, people with chronic illnesses, people taking certain medications and those who are exercising or working outdoors.
PREVENTION
- Drink plenty of fluids to prevent dehydration. Don’t wait until you’re thirsty. Drink 2-4 glasses (16-32 ounces) of water or fruit juice each hour. Avoid alcohol, caffeine and overly sweetened beverages.
- Wear loose-fitting, lightweight and light-colored clothing.
- Avoid direct sunlight by staying in the shade. Wear sunscreen, a wide-brimmed hat and sunglasses.
- NEVER leave children or pets in a car. Even with the windows cracked. Even for just a minute.
- Check on elderly relatives or neighbors daily. Make sure they have a cool place to be during extreme heat.
- Stay in air-conditioning when possible. If your home is not air-conditioned, consider visiting a shopping mall, public library or contact your local health department for cooling center locations. Remember, electric fans will not prevent heat-related illness.
- Marylanders in need of energy assistance should call 2-1-1, Maryland’s information and referral service. Or, visit the Maryland Energy Assistance Program website.
- Avoid salt tablets unless your doctor told you to take them.
- Take it easy outdoors. Take short breaks if you feel tired. Schedule physical activity in the morning or evening, when it is cooler.
HEAT CRAMPS
SIGNS:
- Muscle pain/spasms
- Caused by loss of water and salt from heavy sweating
TREATMENT:
- Stop all activity and sit quietly in a cool place
- Drink water, a sports drink, or other drinks with no caffeine or alcohol
- Do not resume activity for a few hours after the cramps go away as heat cramps can lead to heat exhaustion or heat stroke
- Get medical help if the cramps do not go away in one hour
HEAT EXHAUSTION
SIGNS:
- Dehydration
- Cool, moist, pale, or flushed skin
- Extreme weakness
- Muscle cramps
- Nausea
- Headache
- May vomit or faint
TREATMENT:
- Rest in a cool, shaded area
- Drink fluids
- Seek medical attention if symptoms worsen or do not improve in an hour
HEAT STROKE
SIGNS:
- Body temp. over 105°F
- Dry, red skin
- Rapid, weak pulse
- Rapid, shallow breathing
- Convulsions
- Disorientation
- Delirium
- Coma
TREATMENT:- Call 911
- Cool bath or wet towels
- Do not give fluids if the victim refuses water, is vomiting or has fainted
