Invasive Group A Streptococcus Fact Sheet

Group A Streptococcus are a group of bacteria

Group A Streptococcus (GAS) are usually found on the skin and in the nose and throat. People can have these bacteria and not feel sick. GAS may cause a mild infection like Strep throat or impetigo (infection of the skin). These bacteria can also cause more severe 'invasive' infections like meningitis (infection of the lining of the brain and spinal cord), endocarditis (infection of the heart), or osteomyelitis (infection of the bone). Two very serious diseases caused by GAS are necrotizing fasciitis and streptococcal toxic shock syndrome.

Necrotizing fascilitis is a very serious infection

Necrotizing fascilitis is a rare infection in fatty tissues and muscles of the body that can be caused by many bacteria, including Group A Streptococcus. I usually begins with an infection of the skin (cellulitis), but sometimes only a small bruise or insect bite can lead to necrotizing fascilitis.

Signs and symptoms of necrotizing fascilitis to look for include:

Fever
Skin wound or redness on skin that gets much larger in just 1 to 3 days
Skin changes from red to a dark purple color, skin starts to peel
Blisters of fluid that form on skin
Skin and muscles that become very painful and swollen

Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS) is also a very serious infection

STSS happens in people who have a GAS infection that is so severe that their internal organs stop working. It is different from the toxic shock syndrome related to tampon use.

Signs and symptoms of STSS to look for include:

Fever
Severe pain in the part of the body with the GAS infection
Headache and vomiting
Muscle aches
Confusion
Red rash all over the body
Breathing problems
Shock (feeling lightheaded and having a very fast pulse)

The following persons are at higher risk for necrotizing fascilitis and STSS:

People with long-lasting illnesses like cancer, diabetes, and kidney disease
Newborns and the elderly
People who have just had surgery or an injury
Alcoholics
People with active chickenpox

Necrotizing fascilitis and STSS both require immediate medical attention

It is important to contact your doctor immediately if you think you or anyone you live with may have either of these infections. They will not get better on their own, but can be treated with the quick use of antibiotics. Early treatment may reduce the risk of deah